Valerio Cozzani, in Methods in Chemical Process Safety, 2021 3.4 Prevention and mitigation of domino effect triggered by fire Water spray applied to burning viscous oils can form a froth that puts out the fire.Īlessio Misuri. Flammable materials that are soluble in water (e.g., methanol) may, in some instances, be extinguished by dilution. Water can also be used as a smothering agent, particularly in fighting fires involving liquids that are denser than water (e.g., carbon disulfide). The presence of steam inside the flame reduces the amount of oxygen that is available for the flames. The second function of the firewater is to suppress the fire itself. The water can also be used to keep adjacent structural supports cool so that they do not collapse as they are exposed to the radiant heat from the fire. For these reasons, it is most effective to apply the water in the form of spray so that the water drops evaporate quickly thus removing the heat of the fire as quickly as possible.
Water has a high latent heat therefore, when it is converted by the fire into steam it removes a lot of heat and reduces the temperature of the fire-potentially below the flash point of the burning liquid, thus extinguishing it. The first is to cool the fire and the area around the fire.
(Alternative firefighting media are described later in this chapter.) However, other agents such as carbon dioxide can also be used. In most cases the principal firefighting medium is water. Ian SuttonAuthor, in Plant Design and Operations (Second Edition), 2017 Active Fire ProtectionĪctive fire protection systems include hoses, water spray, deluge, sprinklers, firewater monitors, and steam rings around flanges.
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